TY - JOUR T1 - Testing unmanned aircraft systems for salmon spawning surveys AU - Groves, Phillip A. AU - Alcorn, Brad AU - Wiest, Michelle M. AU - Maselko, Jacek M. AU - Connor, William P. Y1 - 2016/11/09 PY - 2016 DA - 2017/01/01 N1 - doi: 10.1139/facets-2016-0019 DO - 10.1139/facets-2016-0019 T2 - FACETS JF - FACETS SP - 187 EP - 204 VL - 1 PB - Canadian Science Publishing N2 - Unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) were tested for counting Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) redds as a more accurate, safer alternative to manned helicopter flights. Counting redds from the helicopter was less expensive and time consuming, but of the total redds counted at selected sites with a UAS, an average (± SD) of only 77% ± 14% was counted from the helicopter. A river-wide census of redds was not possible with a UAS because the study area was too large for the single field crew to survey. Simulation analyses were used to compare stratified random sampling (STRS) and sampling proportional to size (PPS) for estimating annual total redd counts from data collected with a UAS. The STRS estimates were more accurate and precise, whereas the PPS estimates, though biased, had 95% CIs that included the observed redd count more frequently. We strongly recommend that researchers conduct simulation analyses to evaluate alternative survey sampling methods if they are considering replacing census counts made from manned aircraft with counts estimated from data collected with a UAS. We conclude that UAS application reduces the risk inherent to manned aircraft flights, but the reduction in risk can come at the cost of estimates of population parameters that can sometimes be inaccurate and lack 95% CI coverage. AB - Unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) were tested for counting Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) redds as a more accurate, safer alternative to manned helicopter flights. Counting redds from the helicopter was less expensive and time consuming, but of the total redds counted at selected sites with a UAS, an average (± SD) of only 77% ± 14% was counted from the helicopter. A river-wide census of redds was not possible with a UAS because the study area was too large for the single field crew to survey. Simulation analyses were used to compare stratified random sampling (STRS) and sampling proportional to size (PPS) for estimating annual total redd counts from data collected with a UAS. The STRS estimates were more accurate and precise, whereas the PPS estimates, though biased, had 95% CIs that included the observed redd count more frequently. We strongly recommend that researchers conduct simulation analyses to evaluate alternative survey sampling methods if they are considering replacing census counts made from manned aircraft with counts estimated from data collected with a UAS. We conclude that UAS application reduces the risk inherent to manned aircraft flights, but the reduction in risk can come at the cost of estimates of population parameters that can sometimes be inaccurate and lack 95% CI coverage. M3 - doi: 10.1139/facets-2016-0019 UR - https://doi.org/10.1139/facets-2016-0019 Y2 - 2024/04/20 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characteristics of spawning nests of Columbia River salmon AU - Burner, CJ JO - US Fish and Wildlife Service Fishery Bulletin Y1 - 1951 VL - 52 SP - 96 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wildlife research and management methods in the 21st century: where do unmanned aircraft fit in? 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